Improving security and privacy in an IoT-based smart city application using Blockchain

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Dept. of Computer Science, Shahed University

2 Dept. Computer Science, Shahed University

10.22080/frai.2025.29047.1012

Abstract

Effective crisis management is, in most cases, fundamentally reliant on human activity and interpersonal communication. Establishing communication among various groups through intelligent and reliable interactions significantly enhances crisis management capabilities. To this end, the present study proposes an agent-based system designed to facilitate communication among stakeholders and enable fact-based decision-making by emergency response agents. Furthermore, the system leverages the new generation of blockchain technology as a secure and trustworthy platform for communication between emergency agents and citizens. The integration of blockchain technology introduces innovative methods for generating and transferring relevant data, thereby supporting optimal decision-making in crisis response scenarios. This study designs and analyzes a distributed crisis management system based on intelligent agents, deployable within the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure, and built upon third-generation blockchain technology. The primary objective of this system is to ensure secure and trustworthy information sharing among citizens, thereby enabling emergency responders to make informed decisions grounded in the accuracy of citizen-reported data.

Keywords


  1. Alhavan, M., Azimi, A., & Manuel Corchado, J. (2022). A CoviReader Architecture Based on IOTA Tangle for Outbreak Control in Smart Cities during COVID-19 Pandemic. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.36.180.
  2. Zhao, L., Ferraro, P., & Shorten, R. (2024). A smart mask to enforce social contracts based on IOTA Tangle. PLOS ONE, 19(3),e0292850. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292850.
  3. Moya, F., Miguel, F. J., Martínez, L., & Fco Javier Estrella. (2023). Phonendo: a platform for publishing wearable data on distributed ledger technologies. Wireless Networks. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03458-7.
  4. Lombroso, M. Davison, and M. Wotton,
    "Development of an agent-based model to improve emergency planning in response to floods and dam failures,"
    J. Hydroinformatics, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1610–1628, Sep. 2023. doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2023.194
  5. Mukherjee, I. Ray, I. Ray, H. Shirazi, T. Ang, and M. J. Kahn, “Attribute-Based Access Control for Healthcare Resources," in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC '17), Mar. 2017, pp. 29–40. doi.org/10.1145/3041048.3041055
  6. Cherniavska and B. Cherniavskyi,
    "Architecture-Oriented Agent-Based Model (AOAM) for Optimizing Transport Evacuation Management and Emergency Medical Assistance in the Context of the War in Ukraine: Challenges and Prospects,"
    in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Information Technologies and Innovations (WITI 2024), CEUR-WS, vol. 3892, pp. 211–222, Nov. 2024
  7. Chen, C. Cole, H. Wang, and M. K. Lindell,
    "An interdisciplinary agent-based evacuation model: integrating the natural environment, built environment, and social system for community preparedness and resilience,"
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 733–750, Mar. 2023. doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-733-2023
  8. NIST, "Manufacturing Supply Chain Traceability Using Blockchain Related Technologies," National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, NIST Project Brief, 2024.Available on: www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/national-cybersecurity-center-excellence-nccoe
  9. Rinaldi, M. Caterino, S. Riemma, R. Macchiaroli, and M. Fera, "Emergency Supply Chain Resilience Enhanced Through Blockchain and Digital Twin Technology," Logistics, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 43, Jan. 2025. doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010043
  10. McLaughlin, "Exploring the Use of Modern Supply Chain Techniques in Managing Natural Disaster Relief in the United States," Undergraduate Honors Theses, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Mar. 2024. Available on: www.repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.143
Volume 1, Issue 2
August 2025
Pages 32-37
  • Receive Date: 01 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 01 June 2025
  • First Publish Date: 01 August 2025
  • Publish Date: 01 August 2025